Undergraduate drill

1.The following are secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome
a) Minimal change disease
b) Nail-patella syndrome
c) Falciparum malaria
d) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
e) Bee sting

2.Congenital nephrotic syndrome
a) Occurs in an infant less than a month of life
b) Occurs in an infant less than 3 month of life
C) It is a differential of hydrop fetalis
d) It has a good prognosis
e) Renal transplant may be needed

3.The following characterized nephrotic syndrome
A) Massive proteinuria of greater than 25mg/hr /m2
a) Hypoalbuminuria
b) Haematuria
c) Hypercholesterolaemia
d) Massive oedema
E) Oliguria

4.Hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome
A) May be due to increase consumption of fat
b) Increase fat catabolism
C) Increase production in the liver
TheD)decrease albumin in the serum
e) Reduce catabolism of fat
F) Reduce oncotic pressure

5)Effective serum potassium may be reduced by the following treatment modalities
a) Administration of keyaxelate
B) Intravenous calcium gluconate
C) Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
D) Dialysis
E) Nebulized salbutamol

6.Minimal change disease
A) Occurs in ages 1to 8yrs
B) Has good prognosis i.e respond to steroid use
C) Hypertension is prominent
D) Relapse occur in up to 90% of cases
E) Hematuria is rare.

7.Terminologies describing nephrotic syndrome
A) Remission is when there is reduced urinary protein of trace or negative on at least  three consecutive days.
B) Relapse is proteinuria of greater than 2+ after an initial remission
C) Steroid resitance is when there is at least 2+ of proteins after at least 6 weeks of adequate steroid use
D) Frequent relapser is a patients with 2 or more relapses in a year period
E) Steroid dependence occurs when a patient relapses while on alternate day course or within 28days of completing steroid use.

8.Patients with nephrotic syndrome are at increased risk of developing
A) Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
 Stroke
B) Pulmonary oedema
C) Hypertension
D) Bleeding per rectum

9 Steroid sparing agents
A) levamisole
B) methicillin
C) azathioprine
D) cyclophosphamide
E) mycophenolate

10. Acute glomerulonephritis
A) Occurs in school age group in Nigeria
b) haemoglobinuria is a common presentation
c) post streptococcal type may follow throat infection usually with serotype 49
d) may be complicated by encephalopathy
e )haematuria may last beyond a year